Macbeth, Tragic Hero Essay Example

Macbeth, Tragic Hero Paper Macbeth gives us a classic example of the literary definition of a tragic hero. The title character is a Thane, of high birth, and an influential leader whose decisions affect many others. He possesses a number of admirable qualities, among these honesty and conscience. Along with these positive attributes, he also possesses a fatal flaw, namely ambition. And like so many other tragic heroes, he rapidly falls from grace before encountering a moment of enlightenment. The first indication of Macbeths moral demise is plainly illustrated from the very first scene of the play, where the three witches are gathered amid an ominous backdrop that of stormy weather, signalled by thunder and lightning. The tempestuous weather serves as an indication of change and upheaval of a negative nature, so that from the outset, it is evident that all shall not run smoothly during the course of the life of the title character. The witches final words of the scene, Fair is foul and foul is fair, are eerily echoed by Macbeth later on, when he remarks, So foul and fair a day establishing a subconscious link between them. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth, Tragic Hero specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth, Tragic Hero specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth, Tragic Hero specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Macbeth can be described as a tragic hero since he possesses certain attributes of character and circumstances, which conform to the traditionalistic view of the literary tragic hero. Some of these characteristics are shown to us in the second scene through the eyes of Ross and the Sergeant. The latter ironically describes the Thane of Glamis as brave Macbeth well he deserves that name. Macbeth is portrayed as a noble and valiant fighter, and along with Banquo, is proclaimed the man of the hour. The Sergeant creates an immaculate picture of Macbeth, one that is larger than life. Shortly afterwards, the same man is described by Ross as the husband of Bellona, the goddess of war. The witches first encounter with Macbeth and Banquo is where the first seeds of ambition are planted in Macbeth. They use their prophetic words to seduce Macbeth into pondering the advantages of kingship, whilst Banquo remains sceptical and distant. The imperatives that Macbeth uses to try to stall these vindictive creatures reflect his perplexity. He uses words such as Stay, tell and Speak. When Ross and Angus appear and hand Cawdors title to Macbeth, Banquo remarks silently, what! Can the devil speak true? showing that, unlike Macbeth, he has associated the witches with evil. The encounter on the moor signals the beginning of the protagonists downfall. Banquo then advises Macbeth wisely, saying that: The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betrays In deepest consequence. The message Banquo is trying to get across is that in order to bring about our destruction, sometimes the forces of evil tell us simple truths, leading us to trust them. They then deceive us when it matters the most. Macbeth does not heed this warning, and later he and Lady Macbeth will sacrifice all they have for something that they think will make them happy. They do not count the blessings that they already have, and, consequently, fall into a trap of evil, deceit and despair. From then on Macbeths thoughts are set on kingship. He will become obsessed with the imperial theme. By professing that nothing is/But what is not we are fleetingly shown his single-mindedness, as he only desires the one thing which he does not have. Yet for the moment he adopts this sensible attitude: If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me, Without my stir. Subsequently, we encounter an event where Duncan is to bestow upon Macbeth his new title of Thane of Cawdor. Speaking of the traitorous Cawdor, he makes an important and meaningful statement, saying, Theres no art To find the minds construction in the face: He was a gentleman on whom I built An absolute trust. Duncan has already started to build An absolute trust upon Macbeth, the new Thane of Cawdor. Here the irony lies in that Duncan has made the same mistake twice he has twice put his faith in a backstabber. Later on, Duncan makes an important statement, which is the turning point in Macbeths fall from grace it is his first plotting of murder. As soon as Duncan proclaims Malcolm as heir to the throne, Macbeth realises that he must kill both the king and his successor so that the third prophecy may be fulfilled. In order to magnify the horror of what Macbeth will do, Shakespeare establishes an almost father-son relationship between Duncan and Macbeth. This is why Macbeth asks that light not see his black and deep desires. It is an ominous wish, and it is uncannily similar to the language used by the three witches, the representatives of the evil in all of us. We then come to our first introduction to an encounter with Lady Macbeth, where she is reading Macbeths letter, in which he calls her my dearest partner of greatness. This reflects the ambitious nature of the couple. Lady Macbeth has guessed what it is that Macbeth is considering in order to gain the crown. Yet she has a very profound psychological understanding of Macbeth, and says that his nature is too full of the milk of human kindness/To catch the nearest way. She knows that Macbeth has a conscience, and that it will not be easily dispelled. She is also aware that he is morally upright and too sensitive to do something that is wrong. Lady Macbeth, nevertheless, is unlike her spouse. She is the decision-maker: domineering, manipulative and smooth talking. She abounds with self-confidence and has no qualms whatsoever. The latter is especially evident when, in the same scene, a messenger has just been to see her to tell her of Duncans arrival at their home that very evening. She invokes evil spirits, so that they may take away her maternal instincts, love and tenderness all that makes her a woman so she can have the determination and coldness to carry off the intended evil deeds. Lady Macbeth then asks that her evil deeds be hidden and obscured from all that is good and right. The foreboding image of darkness plays a prominent role throughout the play as a force closely attached with horror and malice. Upon Macbeths arrival, his wife tells him that [His] face, my thane, is as a book where men/May read strange matters. The eye is the mirror of the soul, and through this medium, Macbeth is plainly expressing his feelings. He must put on a false pretence if he wishes to succeed in his crusade. Lady Macbeth further utters words of advice to Macbeth, when she tells him that his hand and his tongue must look like the innocent flower/But be the serpent undert. The hand is that with which you convey sincerity or acceptance of a decision, whilst the tongue expresses your inner emotions. He must revoke all his honest feelings and give way to ruthlessness, malice and heartlessness. Duncans arrival at Macbeths castle follows, and both he and Banquo paradoxically describe the castle as something resembling paradise. Macbeth is not upon hand to greet the king, under Lady Macbeths orders. She is now in charge. Speaking on behalf of all present, Duncan tells Lady Macbeth that they love him highly. He, ironically, is referring to the new Thane of Cawdor. Macbeths first soliloquy is presented to us at the end of the first act. It is the first opportunity he has had to carefully deliberate murder. He is presented as a man about to succumb to temptation; yet from the outset, he is acutely aware that if he escapes temporal judgement, he shall not escape divine justice. He wishes that there could be no negative consequences resulting from the proposed assassination, but he knows that this is well nigh impossible. Macbeth also knows that there is not a single justifiable reason why he should kill the good man who has treated him as his own. The only purpose he can find for which to kill Duncan is Vaulting ambition, which he knows only preludes a fall. Ambition is Macbeths tragic flaw. After his deliberation, Macbeth tells his wife that he does not wish to partake in the proposed deed, having realised that he does not want to risk anything. Lady Macbeth, however, has her mind made up, and uses her husbands sense of masculinity, male independence and power to push him manipulatively towards committing murder. Macbeth finally agrees, fully aware of future consequences and the callousness of the deed. There is no compelling force driving him he will kill a man for selfish, materialistic reasons. He is to commit an indefensible crime, since there is no moral, political or personal reason for it that is justifiable. He is a tragic hero because he knows what he is doing is wrong, yet he fails to realise that his future happiness will rest on the outcome of that fatal night. Macbeth is waiting for the signal to murder Duncan at the outset of the second scene. Speaking with Banquo, whom he encounters, Macbeth is nervous and jittery in both speech and manner. He begins to hallucinate, seeing a dagger in his hand, proving that his imagination is beyond control. He wonders if the vision proceeds from the heat-oppressed brain, showing that he is both feverish and under pressure. Macbeth is dealing in ambiguous terms. Part of Macbeths soliloquy is as so: Now oer the one half-world Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse The curtaind sleep; witchcraft celebrates Pale Hecates offerings; and witherd murder, Alarumd by his sentinel, the wolf, Whose howls his watch, thus with his stealthy pace, With Tarquins ravishing strides, toward his design Move like a ghost. All the images in the above extract come from the world of the occult and the supernatural, showing that Macbeth is indeed possessed by the idea of kingship, and is set on fulfilling the third prophecy. He is adopting a machiavellian attitude, believing that the end justifies the means. Shakespeare is rapidly revealing the murder in its full horror, with the emphasis being on the despicable nature of the act. The moment after the murder is the beginning of the aftermath. Macbeth has committed the deed, because Lady Macbeth says that Had he not resembled/[Her] father as he slept, [she] had donet. Macbeth has undergone a horrifying, haunting and harrowing experience that will leave him emotionally scarred for life. Macbeth says of himself: I had most need of blessing, and Amen/Stuck in my throat. He is beyond forgiveness and redemption. Glamis hath murderd sleep, and therefore Cawdor Shall sleep no more, Macbeth shall sleep no more! These words, uttered by Macbeth, are a prediction of the insomnia he shall suffer as a result of what he has done. By killing Duncan, Macbeth has also killed his own conscience and peace of mind, and so gained a guilt-ridden conscience. Macbeth has forfeited all chances of happiness. Sleep is innocence; therefore, Macbeth covets sleep because when you sleep, you do not think. Being awake makes him relive that fatal night repeatedly in his mind to the point of madness. He wishes only for his death, so he can be rid of his sins. Macbeth has lost his zest for life life is hollow and meaningless after the murder and until his own death. At this point, Macbeth is rapidly falling from grace. He will become ignoble, cynical and ruthless, stopping at nothing to hide his crime. Macbeth goes on to murder many more possibly innocent men in order to determine that the blame for Duncans death should not fall upon him. The honest, noble, morally upright hero we were introduced to at the start of the play is now an unrecognisable monster set on keeping the one thing which has destroyed his life and those of many others. Macbeths perception of the magnitude of the crime is such that he thinks his hands will stain the waters of the sea with his blood. Yet Lady Macbeth states that A little water clears us of this deed; showing that she is confident and is unrepentant. Her husband, in stark contrast, says of the knocking at the castle entrance, Wake Duncan with thy knocking! I wish thou couldst! This reflects the level of Macbeths regret he has discovered a side of himself he wishes had remained undiscovered. The Porters oration in the third scene is a revealing and interesting one. By mentioning a hell-gate, he subconsciously creates a parallel between Dunsinane and hell. Macbeth initiates many atrocities there, which makes hell a fitting label for Dunsinane. He refers to a farmer that hanged himself on the expectation of plenty a story which is parallel to Macbeths life. The Porter also identifies greed and avarice as destructive forces, and he shows how easily man can be equivocated. Macbeth should know that he can equivocate people on earth, but never in heaven. Lennoxs description of storms, wind and strange screams of death reinforces the Elizabethan concept of hierarchy, where the king, is divine, holy and infallible. If regicide is committed, then it will shake the foundations of Nature itself. The unruly weather is due to Nature manifesting itself because of this perversion of order. When Macduff comes with news of the murder, it profoundly affects Macbeth. Had I but died an hour before this chance, I had livd a blessed time; for, from this instant, Theres nothing serious in mortality, All is but toys; renown and grace is dead, The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees Is left this vault to brag of. Macbeth believes that if he had died an hour before the murder, his life would have been blessed; as it is, he shall be tormented for all his living days thereafter. He compares the earth to a wine cellar from which the best wine has been drawn, so that it can boast only of the dregs. Further on, we find that Macbeth is quite inept at lying and covering up, since he unnecessarily goes on about what a good man Duncan was, and how unjust and cruel the killer must be. He speaks so unconvincingly that Lady Macbeth finds herself being forced to faint to take the attention away from her spouse. As the scene closes, and Malcolm and Donalbain are considering fleeing the country, the latter utters a perceptive and intensely relevant metaphorical truth: Theres daggers in mens smiles. We then arrive at an ominously frightening prologue to Macbeths reign. He has committed a metaphysical crime, so Nature is topsy-turvy, and chaos reigns. Ross tells us that by the clock tis day, /And yet dark night strangles the travelling lamp [the sun]. For the rest of the play, Scotland will be in a state of perpetual darkness, which brings home the abominable nature of Macbeths deed. The roles of predator and prey have been reversed, with news of a falcon having been eaten by an owl. Horses have become carnivorous and have begun to eat each other. It is ironic that the hero who saved Scotland at the start of the play is now the one who is bringing about its destruction. The third act opens with Banquo pondering the recent mysterious event, in particular how the witches prophecies all came true, yet he suspects Macbeth of receiving the crown through dishonest means. Macbeths once good name is in disrepute. Macbeths ambition is insatiable, and therefore he wants to control time and destiny. He feels inferior to Banquo, as he tells Lady Macbeth: There is none but he Whose being I do fear; and under him My genius is rebukd, as, it is said, Mark Antonys was by Caesar. Speaking of the witches, Macbeth says, Upon my head they placd a fruitless crown / And put a barren sceptre in my gripe. He feels that his kingship is worthless if it is to be that Banquos children will inherit the crown, and not his own. His ambition keeps him yearning for more when he has already achieved his objective. Evidence of Macbeths blind ambition is the notion that he believes that he cannot change the witches prophecies; yet, he believes that he can change those given to Banquo. He will twist the prophecy round to suit himself, and so further upset the balance. At this point, Macbeth is increasingly becoming a lonesome, solitary creature. Perhaps we, the audience, could have removed some blame from Macbeth for Duncans murder, since Lady Macbeth was the driving force, and pushed her husband into committing regicide. Macbeth, however, cannot be forgiven for Banquos murder because it is he who initiates it, without any help from Lady Macbeth. In fact, Lady Macbeth knows nothing of her husbands scheme. Ironically, Macbeth uses the same intimidation tactics that his wife used on him in order to convince the murderers that Banquos murder would be a beneficial one to them all. At this stage, it may occur to us that we have yet to see a scene where Macbeth is happy. He has obtained the one thing that he desired the most, yet he is miserable because of it. He blames Banquo for his problems, yet he should be blaming himself. Macbeth is sick, unhappy and spiralling into the realms of evil. This is clearly evinced by his making use of low-life characters for his dirty work. A particularly cruel move on the central characters part is ordering that Fleance, along with his father, also be killed. Macbeth despot, tyrant and dictator is sending ruthless adults to kill an innocent child. What little heart there was in this man is now practically extinguished. The second scene is there to show us how far apart Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have grown. Macbeth has an empty title; he is unpopular and unloved. Lady Macbeth, addressing her spouse, realises that Noughts had, alls spent, /Where our desire is got without content. They have both spent their happiness, marriage, peace of mind, sleep and friends in exchange for nothing. She continues: Tis safer to be that which we destroy /Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. She has declared that the devil you know is better than the one you dont. There has been a breakdown in communication between the pair, as Lady Macbeth asks why her husband keeps alone so much. In his reply, is the following: Better be with the dead, Whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace, Than on the torture of the mind to lie In restless ecstasy. Duncan is in his grave; After lifes fitful fever he sleeps well; Treason has done its worst: nor steel, nor poison, Malice domestic, foreign levy, nothing Can touch him further. He envies Duncan, his predecessor because he is in an eternal slumber. He now sees life as a succession of obstacles, something to be endured, and not enjoyed. Ironically, he tells Lady Macbeth: We must make our faces vizards to our hearts, Disguising what they are. There has been a role reversal, since this is what Lady Macbeth used to say to him. They must have hard, impenetrable looks. Macbeth also tells her: Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill /So, prithee, go with me. He has convinced his wife by telling her that deeds that are started by evil become stronger with more evil. Macbeth is now in possession of a contaminated mind that has been poisoned by the witches. In what he thinks and says are references to the world of the occult and the supernatural, such as scorpions. He is obsessed with crime and evil. Banquos murder does not tell us much of Macbeth, only that he has sent another murderer to make sure that the job is done. He trusts no one. Fleances escape creates yet another problem for the unhappy king. Subsequently, upon hearing the news of the boys escape, Macbeth says: But now I am cabind, cribbd, confind, bound in To saucy doubts and fears. He feels trapped in by intruding thoughts, those that he has created himself. Macbeth is afraid of consequence, which is why he becomes distracted at the news. The murderer tells Macbeth that Banquo is dead, with twenty trenched gashes on his head. Banquo has been hacked and torn apart brutally and extremely violently. This horrendous picture shows the violent and ruthless nature Macbeth has developed of late. Then we witness the second time Macbeths imagination plays tricks on him, when he sees the ghost of Banquo sitting at the dinner table. In Shakespeare, ghosts are seen when the main character has a guilty conscience. Lady Macbeth chastises and mocks her spouse to rouse him out of his stupor, again asking him, Are you a man? More evidence of Macbeths poisoned mind surfaces when he says, If charnel-houses and our graves must send Those that we bury back, our monuments Shall be the maws of kites. Shortly afterwards, Macbeth toasts Banquo thus: I drink to the general joy of the whole table, And to our dear friend Banquo, whom we miss; Would he were here! to all, and him, we thirst, And all to all. He is being hypocritical and lying through his teeth, yet he still manages to keep face after Banquos murder, unlike during the aftermath of Duncans murder. When he sees the ghost again Lady Macbeth mocks him, but he replies, What man dare, I dare, meaning that he is not afraid of physical danger, but he is afraid of the supernatural. Macbeth is a dictator who is paranoid, insecure and apprehensive. He suspects everyone, and trusts no one. He feels as if he is constantly under threat, yet if Macbeth fears no physical danger, then occult forces intimidate Macbeth. He has sunk so low that he has a spy in every mans house. He is losing all the humanity that he ever had inside of him. He is also worried about Macduff, as evinced in these lines: For mine own good All causes shall give way: I am in blood Steppd in so far, that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go oer. He resolves to visit the witches, and in the closing line of the scene, he utters a frighteningly ominous assertion: We are yet but young in deed. The former Thane of Cawdor has just begun his catalogue of horrors. Succeeding this declaration, we behold Hecate and the witches, who are on the moor To trade and traffic with Macbeth / In riddles and affairs of death. This is yet another example of their cold and unfeeling nature they are toying with Macbeth. However, Hecate makes an astute comment describing Macbeths character, saying that he Loves for his own ends. That is to say, that he does not love evil for its own sake, but only for what it can do for him.

Historical and non

Historical and non Among the problems concerning education and all the issues connected with it, one can single out two basic types of problems. The first one embraces the issues which each generation encounters, no matter how far the progress has stepped, whereas the second type of problems is, vice versa, closely interconnected with the complexities of the epoch.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Historical and non-Historical Issues in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Among the former, such everlasting issues as cheating during test can be taken as an example; as for the latter, one of the current problems of the modern education is the price which students have to pay for it. Choosing the article which deserves being discussed widely and published in the journal, it is necessary to evaluate each of the issues. Dealing with the problem of the increasing costs for studying, the article describes the state of students who are forced to work and study at the same time in the most impressive way. Thus, the article reveals important social problems brewing in the modern society since the time when higher education has become the major asset of employees. As Martin marks, Unfortunately, the decline in student quality is accompanied by costs that are out of control, a governance system that will not permit any reallocation of resources, and a society that expects higher education to address problems that are well beyond its core competencies.† (Martin 262) Thus, it can be considered that the given article deals with an issue of paramount importance for modern students. However, it must be admitted that the given article does not suggest any way out of the problem – it merely enumerates the difficulties connected with high costs for education and defines the goals of higher education. Compared to the abovementioned article, the second one deals with the subject of lesser social tenseness. Yet the issue of the given article has raised debates since the very foundation of the educational system of the country. As you might have already guessed, the conversation touches upon the problem of cheating at exams. Old as the hills, the problem is considered both from the psychological and the practical point of view in the article. One of the most valuable features of the article is the fact that the author is not moralizing, but merely explains the consequences of cheating.Advertising Looking for article on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Using cribs during exams, students fool themselves first, the author explains. Choosing between the wish to know the subject better and to get a good mark, one must follow the common sense, not the desire to pass the exam and forget everything one has been taught. As Davis mentioned, â€Å"Certainly the stresses and pressures for good grades have not diminished during t he past several decades.† (71) It is also essential that the author tries to make students think of their future professional career and their professional authority. The author also emphasizes the moral aspect, driving an example of a doctor who used to cheat during his examinations. Thus, calling the readers to think of their future jobs and professional ethics, the author creates a vision of studying without cheating. Summarizing the effect produced by both of the articles, one could say that each of them is a valuable study in the sphere of education, yet each touching upon absolutely different issues. In spite of the fact that the abovementioned aspects of studying are both worth serious considerations, it is obvious that the first article deals with the issue demanding urgent solution. Both bearing social significance and enhancing positive changes in the sphere of education, it deserves publishing most. Once people recognize the financial problem of education, they will be able to contribute to its solution, whereas the problem of cheating is far too old to be solved in a blink of an eye. Davis, Stephen F., et al. Cheating in School: What we Know and What We Can Do.  New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 2009. Print. Martin, Edward Robert. Cost Control, College Access, and Competition in Higher  Education. Camberley, UK: Edward Edgar Publishing, 2005. Print.

9 Strategies to Make Every Day Productive

9 Strategies to Make Every Day Productive We all start off every day optimistic. We know we have to manage our time and maximize every hour available to us if we want to succeed. Trouble is, without a concrete strategy, those hours can get away from us. Here are 9  ways you can control the time available to you and make the most if it- not to mention your potential. 1. Make a planThe night before your workday, take  5  or 10  minutes to  set yourself a goal or other direction for the day to come. You’ll be more organized and effective at getting through your tasks if you’ve set an overarching purpose. You can also try projecting this plan further into the future. Don’t just plan tomorrow; plan the next month, the next year, the next 10 years! Setting an intention will keep you moving in the right direction, and you’ll have a much easier time monitoring your progress.2. PrioritizeIdentify your most important tasks and projects and devote the majority of your workday to those projects. Try and schedule smaller and smaller chunks of time for the less important or logistical things that can suck so much of your day away if you let them. Focus on the big stuff. Tackle your big goals first and then replace them with other, bigger goals. Don’t get caught up in the small stuff.3. Commute smarterIf you can’t take a train or a bus and read or work while you commute, try scheduling mobile meetings while you’re stuck in traffic or listening to audiobooks to help you further your career or education. You could even use your drive time brainstorming how best to structure your workday once you get to your desk.4. Hit pauseNobody can be a progress machine 8  hours a day, 7  days a week. Breaks are absolutely necessary to recharge. Take a walk, grab a snack or water or a cup of coffee, have a five minute non-work-related chat. Clear your head, but don’t dawdle. Hit the refresh button, shake the clutter from your head, and then get back to work.5. Sta y positiveThere will be conflicts, crises that distract you, coworkers who annoy you, tasks you just don’t like. Accept these things as a part of any job, and part of life. Get past them as quickly as you can and devote yourself to focusing on the goals that are important to you. Be confident and have a cheerful attitude as you tackle obstacles.6. Say thank youNo matter how hard you’re working, chances are you’ve had some help along the way. Remember to thank the people who have supported and helped spur you along to greatness. Keeping people on your side will only help you as you build your empire of success.7. Stay focusedIt’s so easy to get side-tracked by memes and office politics and gossip. Don’t let yourself default to social media while at work- save that for your couch time once your work is done. Don’t waste precious time on stupid things. You only have this one work day!8. Stay humbleYou can’t do everything and you don†™t know it all. Be open and receptive to improvement and to learning new things. Approach each new workday with the mindset of getting better at some aspect of your job, however incrementally. Your progress will surprise you.9. Celebrate the minor victoriesMake sure that when you meet each goal, you take a moment to celebrate its completion. Set yourself small challenges and take a moment to give yourself a high five when you successfully defeat them. It will propel you to keep at it. And it will help you remain patient in the face of unforeseen adversity the next time an obstacle pops up.

LEACH protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks Research Paper - 1

LEACH protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks - Research Paper Example Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is a communications protocol that has overcome some of the limitations of various routing protocols on wireless sensor networks. It is mainly meant for wireless sensor networks where an end user intends to remotely monitor and control his/her environment. To achieve this, data obtained from various nodes is sent to a focal base station in the sensor networks; which enables the end user to access the network. Wireless sensor networks have found use in the economy of late and therefore the need to manage the energy constraints. Localization, fusion, and routing have been the areas of interests especially in dealing with the constraints of energy in the wireless sensor networks. Energy is determinant in the duration and lifetime of the system. Many studies and advancements have been carried out to solve energy management in various wireless sensor nodes. Cluster routing protocols have also been improved to increase energy management in WS Ns. It is undeniable that clustering is one of the most proven ways of prolonging the lifetime of networks for the wireless sensor networks which are energy constrained .The dissipation of energy in networks has been at the Centre stage for the effective functioning and lifetime of systems. Wireless distribution microsensor systems enable many networks found in the military and public domain. The dissipation of energy is therefore important in the wireless networks since it determines their effectiveness and reliability. The discussion in the below paper will analyze five reviewed academic journals to analyze the thesis statement that; the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol (LEACH) detects the faults on the network by transmitting and analyzing the periodical queries from the centralized node and increases the life span of the sensor nodes by

Does Illegal Immigration Help or Hurt U.S. Economy Essay

Does Illegal Immigration Help or Hurt U.S. Economy - Essay Example According to the research findings illegal immigrations are not good for the United States of America because they are helping less and causing more harm not only to the U.S. society but also to the overall economy. Large-scale illegal immigrations produce a negative impact on the economy of the United States. Some of the most obvious economic impacts of illegal immigrations include less job opportunities, increased poverty, increased educational costs, decreased foreign investment in immigrant-populated areas due to increased fear of crimes, and less number of skilled employees in the original countries of the immigrants. It is a fact that when the host country starts hiring illegal immigrants on low salaries, the number of available jobs decrease for the local citizens. Espenshade states, â€Å"Illegal immigrants have high rates of labor force participation but typically earn about 30% less than their legal counterparts from the same region of the world†. However, it also re sults in increase in the graph of poverty because when people will not have good jobs, they will not have money to spend which will ultimately increase poverty. Moreover, low salaries for the illegal immigrants also increase poverty. â€Å"Their wages are low and they are more affected by downturns in the economy† (â€Å"Immigration Policy†). Illegal immigrants do not have skills and qualification that are required to get good jobs. They just go to the United States to do low profile jobs for money, which also results in overpopulation and poverty for the local and poor people. Poor people do not have enough resources to get standard education, which makes them go for low profile professions, such as, waiters, dishwashers, petrol pump operators, sanitary workers, and plumbers. However, when employers fill such jobs with illegal immigrants on low wages, no place is left for the local citizens. According to Sterne, employers prefer to hire undocumented immigrants, as the y are cheaper and unregulated (556). Increase in the number of illegal immigrants also impose burden on the taxpayers. Illegal immigrants receive all social services and do not pay the taxes that they should actually pay in return of those social services. Increase is the number of crimes is one of the major drawbacks associated with immigrations. Sadowski-Smith states, â€Å"Undocumented immigrants are also increasingly criminalized within punitive local, regional, and national legislation that further exacerbates vulnerability to exploitation† (799). Some percentage of the immigrants falls into criminal activities when they do not find jobs or any kind of work in the countries where they migrate. Some of those crimes include kidnapping for ransom, stealing money, rape, robbery, physical

People and Food Essay examples -- essays research papers

"PEOPLE AND FOOD People are for the most part clueless when it comes to food. God forbid you might actually cook something at home. Have you ever noticed the size of the frozen food sections at grocery stores? They are fucking huge! Throwing a pizza pocket in the microwave is NOT cooking. I constantly see people with their shopping carts overflowing with yummy frozen goodness. LAZY FUCKS!! Included in that demographic are those who rely on the food delivery industry. Ther isn’t much you can’t have brought right to your front door these days. I have a neighbor who I would bet has food delivered at least four days a week. How lazy can you get?! I guess it has a lot to do with how you are brought up. If your parents sucked at cooking oe pumped you full of frozen dinners I guess you would probably do the same as an adult. I find it interesting what people believe to be â€Å"fine dining†. Outback, Olive Garden, RED FUCKING LOBSTER??!! â€Å"We are taking mom out for her birthday, someplace nice, how about Red Lobster?† Are you fucking kidding me?! That place has some of the worst food I have ever had the displeasure of consuming! I am NOT a picky eater and the only thing I can manage to eat there are the little cheasy bisquit thingys. What is the draw of that place?! I don’t get it. Anyone who thinks that place is good was raised in a bubble and never given the chance to have any real food. At least the menu at Outback and the â€Å"OG† are somewhat edible. The problem is people actually perceive these places as â€Å"fine dining† FUCK THAT!! It’s overpriced mediocre crap that you can get by pulling off of any friggin off ramp in the country. I think that’s part of the draw, it’s a safety net of sorts. People don’t want to risk trying some place new so they go with what they already know. Come on people get some balls! In the City I live in we have a small hole in the wall steak house that has been around forever. It has received awards from Sunset magazine for the quality of their steaks. One day I’m in line at a local grocery store. The people in front of me ask the checker to recommend a place to get a good steak in town. She says â€Å"go to Outback they are great† I was thinking to myself â€Å"WHAT THE FUCK ARE YOU TALKING ABOUT LADY!!!!† So I say â€Å"what about Jack’s?† she says â€Å"well I’ve lived here for twenty years and have never been able to get into Jacks because the wait is... ...siness anytime soon. My wife and I lived in Missouri (misery) for a couple years. We moved there due to a job opportunity. There are many things different about the mid west. The list is too large for me to really go into. There is one thing I find interesting though. They have an appetizer they call â€Å"toasted ravioli†. Don’t get me wrong, they are tasty little buggers but there is nothing â€Å"toasted† about them. They are DEEP FRIED you jackasses!! Deep fried cheese filled raviolis served with marinara sauce on the side. Just call them what they are you freaky mid west bastards!! Here is something I have never understood. People who absolutely have to have the crust removed from their bread before they eat it. What the?!!!†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.is there some poison in crust I’m not aware of? How much of a wussy freak do you have to be? These are just people who we’re brought up by fucked up parents. How in the hell does someone suddenly decide that they will drop dead from eating a little crust? It’s the same fucking shit as the rest of the bread just a little darker. Now they actually produce crust-less bread for these fucking morons. I bet Jeffery Dahmer removed his crusts." lol thanks Rich

Racism Against Native Americans and African Americans Essay

Racism against Native Americans and African Americans Sometimes I imagine that racial diversity would be a boon to human kind if there was no such thing called â€Å"racial hatred†. Now if you tell me that if there was only one kind of race then I will tell you that if all roses were red then what you would have given for a funeral? My point is that diversity is what makes this world keep going amusingly and these notions of race and ethnicities as big and small, upper class and lower class, superior and inferior are just mere perspectives. In my opinion there is only one kind of race and that is â€Å"Human Kind† and we all are doing these buzzes because we lack unity in diversity. There are no race-specific DNA traits which demonstrate my view that racism is social but not biological. From the Roman Empire to today’s ultra modern age, from Hitler to Osama Bin Laden, and from Thomas Jefferson to Rev. Jeremiah Wright; people never forget to show this acquired sense of racism. Why I called it acquired? Because a white man is not born to hate black or a black man is not born to hate white. But we are the mere appointee of this prejudiced perspective we have been taught by our family, neighborhood, and society for years and years. Society has never been able to get away from this prejudice but we pretend like we don’t care about it calling ourselves trans-racial society but I doubt the truthfulness of our intention. Why? Because the ghosts of our bitter experience of racism either towards Native Americans or towards African Americans keep on haunting us with the events like one in Rosebud and Pine Ridge counties in South Dakota or even worse event like â€Å"Jena 6† in Louisiana. It looks like this thing will go on and on unless the elimination of social prejudice to â€Å"judge people by color but not the content of character† they have as MLK used to say. But I have to be optimistic that we have been able to institutionalize this racial discrimination by creating Civil Rights Act which prohibits the discriminatory treatment in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. You have posed a very important question in the lecture that- How is that so much discrimination exists, when there are laws to protect it? The Jena 6† incident answers this query because a person who is obliged to protect the juveniles start treating them on the basis of their skin color clearly demonstrates that the laws are very weak and vague to protect one as a free citizen. I think that race is not a problem here but racism is the problem. When we use the terms race and color why it does directly applies to blacks and browns which makes me think that whites are the â€Å"status quo† of all races. As you have mentioned in the lecture that the history of the Native Americans often gets overlooked is true because the act of ethnic cleansing by the white European settlers was kind of victory to them but I actually consider it an inhumane act. And the act of Americanizing the Native Americans is an invasion of culture and norms which is the true color of a colonist. The racist images and stereotypes by the European Americans against the Native Americans as explained by the authors in chapter 6 clearly proves the â€Å"Dominant Rules† slogan. Recently, the whole world seemed obsessed talking about president Obama. Why? Because he gained astonishing success in his short political career or he is a very skilled orator or he is a very intelligent man who was also the president of prestigious Harvard Law Review. I think these are superficial reasons but the real reason is that he is the first black president in the history of United States. Anybody who runs for president should be a good orator, intelligent, and smart but Obama gained much more buzz than usual because he broke the â€Å"status-quo† as I have mentioned earlier. The black neighborhoods are generally considered poor and the white neighborhoods rich. These patters of thinking have the general consequence of institutionalizing racism in terms of poverty. The stereotype that young black men are criminals and drug abusers has further ghettoized the African- American community and has destroyed any possibility for normal family and community relations. As a result it has contributed in the disruption of the family, prevalence of more single parents, children raised without a father in the ghetto. Inability of these people to get jobs has further complicated the living standard of the people. If you are from the Boston area, it’s no surprise that there are more shootings and stabbings in Dorchester and Roxbury than Newton and Beacon Hill. So, it sends a wrong message that young black men are violent and hostile. The place where I was born and raised never had racial problem but immense ethnic and caste problem. The south Asian countries are in great turmoil of caste exploitation and ethnic exploitation which I think is new to most Americans. So, it’s very interesting for me to draw the comparisons in between racial and ethnic exploitation in terms of power. Usually, the higher castes dominate the lower castes and virtually enslave them for their benefits. The lower castes are regarded â€Å"Untouchables† which I think is an evil and the ugliest form of humanity. In case of race, I think discrimination and privilege portrays the power. At the individual level someone who is an advantaged member of a disadvantaged group could discriminate against someone less privileged than him/her or against someone with less power from a privileged group and at the institutional level that cannot happen because it is the groups in power who do the discrimination.